ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and underlying mechanism of Jieyu Anshen granule (JY) in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-treated rats after ischemic stroke. METHODS A rat model of post-stroke depression(PSD)was developed by additional CUMS procedures after middle cere-bral artery occlusion(MCAO).Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1 g·kg-1and 3 g·kg-1of JY by gastrogavage for 4 weeks.Escitalopram(10 mg·kg-1)served as a reference drug.Behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, forced swim test and open-field test were performed to evaluate the antidepressant effects. Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in rat brain were assayed. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring TNF-α and IL-1β in brain. Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were estimated as indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate hippo-campal expression of the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). RESULTS PSD rats exhibited decreased sucrose consumption and motor activity, increased immobility time (P<0.01). JY treatment reversed the depressive behaviors in PSD rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). Treat-ment with JY resulted in significantly increased levels of NE, DA and 5-HT in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increased expression of 5- HT1AR and BDNF in the hippocampus(P<0.01). JY treatment significantly down-regulated the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in hippocampus andprefrontal cortex (P<0.05). Treatment with JY also resulted in significantly decreased ACTH and CORTin serum which had been increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that JY treat-ment could ameliorate PSD, and the effects are likely ascribed to inhibiting HPA axis hyperfunction andinflammatory, up-regulating the levels of neurotransmitters (NE, DA and 5-HT), and the expression ofhippocampal 5-HT1AR and BDNF.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To collect,analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning cases reported in the literatures published in domestic open public periodicals in order to provide evidence for the revision of GBZ 84 Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Chronic n-Hexane Poisoning. METHODS: By the bibliometrics method,the databases of CNKI,VIP and WANFANG were used to retrieve literatures on the occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning published from 1990 to 2014. The literatures with detailed clinical data were screened and selected for summary and analysis. RESULTS: A total of 68 reference literatures meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen in 25 years of domestic publication. These literatures reported 1 027 cases of occupational n-hexane poisoning,including 165 males and 862 females. The median of age was 28. 3( 13. 0-59. 0) years. Most of the cases had a disease incubation period of 2. 0-10. 0months. The diagnostic classification was made in 817 cases( 79. 6%),with mild,moderate and severe chronic n-hexane poisoning in 418,241 and 158 cases,respectively. The n-hexane levels in workplace air were reported in 736 cases( 71. 7%),91. 8%( 676 /736) of which had exceeded the national occupational exposure limit. Chronic n-hexane poisoning was mainly characterized by peripheral nerve damage,626 cases( 61. 0%) had feeling and movement disorders,256 cases( 24. 9%) had movement disorder and 145 cases( 14. 1%) had feeling disorders. The clinical characteristics of these disorders were bilaterally symmetric feeling or movement disorders in distal limbs. The nerve-electromyography examination showed the neurogenic damage,which was parallel with the severity of patients' condition and could be detected at early stage of illness. The gas chromatography was used to detect the 2,5-hexanedione level of 156 cases( 15. 2%) of patients and the positive detection rate was 50. 6%( 70 /156). Currently,there was no specific medication or other therapy for treatment of chronic n-hexane poisoning. The comprehensive therapy which mainly include nerve restoration was the general therapy method. Addition of mouse nerve growth factor to the conventional therapy had significant treatment effects. The therapeutic effect was reported in 954 cases with the recovery rate of 83. 6%( 798 /954),and the complication in nervous system was observed in 156 cases who were not cured. CONCLUSION: The main clinical manifestation of chronic n-hexane poisoning is peripheral neuropathy. The nerve-electromyography is the most important diagnostic method. Currently,comprehensive therapy is used with good prognosis in the patients.